Table 1 The global distribution, temporal and geographic origins of significant zoonotic digenetic trematodes
From: Global distribution of zoonotic digenetic trematodes: a scoping review
Genus | Species | Firstly discovered (year, country) | Epidemical range | 1st intermediate host | 2nd intermediate host | Definitive host | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schistosoma | Schistosoma haematobium | 1851, Egypt | Africa, Middle East, Europe, Portugal, Mauritius, Mesopotamia, Madagascar, and India | Bulinus sp. | Various animals | ||
Schistosoma mansoni | 1851, Egypt | Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Caribbean islands, Arabian, and Peninsula | Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Australorbis glabratus | Humans | |||
Schistosoma japonicum | 1904, Japan | China, the Philippines, and Indonesia | Oncomelania hupensis | Various animals | |||
Schistosoma mekongi | 1978, Cambodia | Several districts of Cambodia and Lao PDR | Neotricula aperta | Humans | |||
Echinostoma | Echinostoma revolutum | 1802, Germany | Asia (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam), Oceania (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, The Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovak Republic, UK, and Yugoslavia), and Americas (USA and Brazil) | Snails (families Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, and Bulinidae) | Other snails, bivalves, fish, salamanders, and tadpoles | Birds, carnivores, rodents, and humans | |
Isthmiophora | Isthmiophora hortensis | 1926, Japan | China, Republic of Korea, and Japan | Snails (families Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, and Bulinidae) | Other snails, bivalves, fish, salamanders, and tadpoles | Birds, carnivores, rodents, and humans | |
Echinochasmus | Echinochasmus japonicus | 1926, Japan | Japan, China, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Lao PDR, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam | Snails (families Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, and Bulinidae) | Other snails, bivalves, fish, salamanders, and tadpoles | Birds, carnivores, rodents, and humans | |
Echinochasmus perfoliatus | 1902, Romania | China, Japan, Thailand, Republic of Korea, India, Vietnam, Denmark, England, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Ukraine, and Italy | Snails (families Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, and Bulinidae) | Other snails, bivalves, fish, salamanders, and tadpoles | Birds, carnivores, rodents, and humans | ||
Paragonimus | Paragonimus westermani | 1850, Brazil | China, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, North Sumatra, and Indonesia | Freshwater snails | Crustaceans | Mammals | |
Paragonimus skrjabini | 1959, China | China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Austria, Russia, United Kingdom, and Americas | Freshwater snails (mollusk) | Crustaceans | Dogs, cats, or humans | ||
Opisthorchiidae | Clonorchis sinensis | 1874, India and Mauritius | China, Republic of Korea, Vietnam, and Russia | Freshwater snails (families Bithyniidae, Pleuroseridae, Assimineidae, and Thiaridae) | Freshwater fishes | Humans, domestic canids and felids, swine, mustelids, and other piscivorous mammals | |
Opisthorchis felineus | 1892, Russia | Germany, Greece, Poland, Romania, Italy, Spain, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia | Snails (Bithynia inflata, Bithynia troschelii, Bithynia leachii, and Bithynia tentaculata) | Freshwater fishes (Leuciscus idus, Tinca tinca, and Abramis brama) | Cats, dogs, and various fish-eating mammals including humans | ||
Opisthorchis viverrini | 1886, France | Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Myanmar | Bithynia goniomphalus, B. funiculate, and B. siamensis | Cyprinoid fish | Cats, dogs, and various fish-eating mammals including humans | ||
Metorchis orientalis | 1920, Japan | East Asia (China, Japan, and Republic of Korea) | Parafossarulus sp. | Cyprinoid fish | Dogs, cats, ducks, chickens, and geese | ||
Fasciolidae | Fasciola hepatica | 1379, France | Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Cuba, Egypt, Portugal, France, Spain, Iran, Turkey, Republic of Korea, Japan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Switzerland, Sweden, Portugal, Norway, England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Germany, Brazil, Pakistan, Colombia, Costa Rica, Poland, Mexico, Ghana, Australia, Ethiopia, Estonia, Tanzania, the United States, Argentina, Haiti, and Kyrgyzstan | Lymnaeidae | Ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores | ||
Fasciola gigantica | 1855, Pakistan | Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, China, Burma, Pakistan, India, Nepal, lran, Egypt, Sudan, Tanganyika, Malawi, Chad, Mali, Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria, Cameroons, West Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Ethiopia | Galba truncatula, Radix natalensis, and Pseudosuccinea columella | Humans and livestock | |||
Fasciolopsis buski | 1843, India | China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, India, and Lao PDR | Snails (Segmentina sp. and Hippeutis) | Humans and pigs | |||
Heterophyidae | Heterophyes heterophyes | 1851, Egypt | Egypt, Tunisia, Iran, Middle East, Republic of Korea, Egypt, Sudan, and Japan | Snails (Cerithidia sp. and Pironella sp.) | Fresh/brackish water fishes | Humans, various fish-eating mammals (e.g., cats and dogs), and birds | |
Heterophyes nocens | 1916, Japan | Japan, Republic of Korea, China, and Thailand | Brackish water snail (Cerithidea sp.) | Brackish water fishes (mullet and goby) | Humans, cats, and dogs | ||
Haplorchis pumilio | 1896, Egypt | Asia, Oceania, America, Vietnam, Thailand, Egypt, and China | Thiara tuberculata | Freshwater fishes | Dogs, cats, birds, and humans | ||
Haplorchis taichui | 1924, China | The Philippines, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, Malaysia, Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and South China | Snails (Melania obliquegranosa, Stenomelania juncea, and Melanoides tuberculate) | Freshwater fishes | Dogs, cats, birds, and humans | ||
Metagonimus yokogawai | 1912, Japan | Far Eastern Russia, Republic of Korea, Japan, and China | Semisulcospiridae snails | Fresh/brackish water fishes | Humans, fish-eating mammals (e.g., cats and dogs), and birds | ||
Stellantchasmus falcatus | 1916, Japan | Hawaii, Republic of Korea, and Vietnam | Brackish water snails | Mullet | Humans, rats, cats, dogs, and chickens | ||
Centrocestus formosanus | 1985, China | China, Japan, Thailand, USA, Brazil, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Thailand, and Mexico | Melanoides tuberculatus | Freshwater fishes, frogs, and toads | Local piscivorous birds | ||
Eurytrema | Eurytrema cladorchis | 1965, China | China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam | Bradybaena similaris | Nemobius sp. | Domestic and wild ruminants and humans |